Who must pay
A Muslim who owns wealth reaching the nisab threshold, free of immediate debt, and who has held that wealth for one full lunar year (hawl) is liable. The four Sunni schools and the Ja'fari school agree on the conditions of ownership and the lunar year. The Hanafi school requires the payer to be of sound mind and adult for monetary zakat, while the Maliki, Shafi'i and Ja'fari positions hold that the wealth of a child or an insane person may still carry the charge, discharged by the guardian.